Intermittent Fasting and Reduction of Inflammatory Response in a Patient with Ulcerative Colitis.

Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory disease that affects the colon, generating a crisis period associated with diarrhea and ulcerations. Stress plays a pivotal role in modulating the inflammatory response and aggravating progression. Different studies have shown that fasting reduces inflammation markers, and intermittent fasting decreases inflammatory markers such as IL-2, IL-6, and RCP. Goal: To evaluate the impact of intermittent fasting on a patient diagnosed with ulcerative colitis. A female patient underwent intermittent fasting (10/14) for eight weeks. Clinical tests were performed for blood count, RCP, biochemical profile, glycemia, and T4/TSH levels. Fecal calprotectin was determined. Clinical exams were assessed before and after intermittent fasting. Inflammation markers, such as CRP and calprotectin, were significantly reduced after eight weeks of intermittent fasting. The patient reported feeling better and was seizure-free during the following months when she continued fasting intermittently. Intermittent fasting allowed for a reduction in inflammation markers.

Enfoque axiológico en la Educación Superior mediante la interacción de los estudiantes en el Entorno Virtual de Aprendizaje / Axiological approach in Higher Education through the interaction of students in the Virtual Learning Environment

Resumen: El presente artículo se circunscribe en el marco de la educación superior, analizando el entorno virtual de aprendizaje en la plataforma Moodle de la Universidad Técnica de Machala como primer centro universitario de la Provincia de El Oro, la cual se encuentra inmersa dentro de este proceso sistémico que es el avance tecnológico y también social. La metodología utilizada se enmarca en un enfoque mixto (cuantitativo-cualitativo) para lo cual se aplicó como técnica de recolección de datos un cuestionario en línea a un número de población de doscientos estudiantes de trece carreras de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales del periodo académico 2019-2. El estudio evidencia que los estudiantes se han acoplado al uso de los recursos y actividades del Entorno Virtual de Aprendizaje basado en la plataforma Moodle como parte de su formación académica. Sin embargo, muchos estudiantes no interactúan correctamente respetando las normas de la virtualidad puesto que aún existe una ausencia de controles que no proporcionan autenticidad del usuario mediante el soporte de cámaras, la presentación tardía de tareas y evaluaciones que suelen ser propensas a la divulgación de los cuestionarios por medio de las redes sociales y dispositivos móviles. Aunque existan una serie de parámetros y rubricas para las calificaciones, se denota una pérdida de valores personales. El tema de la axiología en la educación resulta ser interesante, los docentes se encuentran interesados en identificar los aspectos a mejorar ante el comportamiento de los estudiantes frente al aprendizaje virtual, pues la tarea de la Universidad Técnica de Machala es formar en valores a los futuros profesionales en el Modelo Educativo Integrador Desarrollador adoptado desde el año 2016.

ABSTRACT: This article is circumscribed within the framework of higher education, analyzing the virtual learning environment in the Moodle platform of the Technical University of Machala as the first university center in the Province of El Oro, which is immersed within this systemic process which is technological and social advancement. The methodology used is part of a mixed approach (quantitative-qualitative) for which an online questionnaire was applied as a data collection technique to a population of two hundred students from thirteen careers of the Faculty of Social Sciences of the academic period 2019-2. The study shows that students conveniently use the resources and activities of the Virtual Learning Environment based on the Moodle platform as part of their academic training. However, many students do not interact correctly respecting the rules of virtuality since there is still an absence of controls that do not provide user authenticity through the support of cameras, late submission of assignments and assessments that are often prone to disclosure of the questionnaires through social networks and mobile devices. Although there are a series of parameters and rubrics for the qualifications, a loss of personal values ​​is denoted. The topic of axiology in education turns out to be interesting, teachers are interested in identifying the aspects to improve before the behavior of students in the face of virtual learning, since the task of the Technical University of Machala is to train in values ​​in the future professionals in the Developer Integrative Educational Model adopted since 2016.

Musashi expression in intestinal stem cells attenuates radiation-induced decline in intestinal permeability and survival in Drosophila.

Exposure to genotoxic stress by environmental agents or treatments, such as radiation therapy, can diminish healthspan and accelerate aging. We have developed a Drosophila melanogaster model to study the molecular effects of radiation-induced damage and repair. Utilizing a quantitative intestinal permeability assay, we performed an unbiased GWAS screen (using 156 strains from the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel) to search for natural genetic variants that regulate radiation-induced gut permeability in adult D. melanogaster. From this screen, we identified an RNA binding protein, Musashi (msi), as one of the possible genes associated with changes in intestinal permeability upon radiation. The overexpression of msi promoted intestinal stem cell proliferation, which increased survival after irradiation and rescued radiation-induced intestinal permeability. In summary, we have established D. melanogaster as an expedient model system to study the effects of radiation-induced damage to the intestine in adults and have identified msi as a potential therapeutic target.

[Characterization of Salmonella Heidelberg strains isolated in Chile]. / Caracterización de cepas clínicas y ambientales de Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Heidelberg aisladas en Chile.

BACKGROUND: Salmonella Heidelberg (S. Heidelberg) causes gastroenteritis and sometimes bacteremia and endocarditis. In other countries, this serovar has multidrug resistance including extended-spectrum ß-lactamases (ESBLs) and AmpC (ß-lactamases (AmpC), associated with the blaCMY-2 gene. In Chile, an outbreak by S. Heidelberg occurred in 2011, the phenotypic and genetic characteristics of Chilean strains are unknown. AIM: To determine the antimicrobial susceptibility, presence of plasmids and virulence factor genes in S. Heidelberg strains isolated in Chile over the period 2006-2011. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In sixty-one S. Heidelberg clinical and environmental strains collected by the Public Health Institute in Chile during 2006-2011, antimicrobial susceptibility, plasmids and virulence factor genes (invA, sifA, pefA, agfA, lpfA and, stkD) were studied. RESULTS: S. Heidelberg had a high susceptibility to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, gentamicin, ceftriaxone, ceftiofur, chloramphenicol, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and ampicillin. However, 52% had decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and 33% resistance to tetracycline. ESBLs were detected in three strains isolated from blood cultures, environment and human feces. The latter strain was positive for AmpC and blaCMY-2 gene. Fifty three of 61 strains showed one to seven plasmids of 0.8 to approximately 30 kb. Most plasmids were small with sizes between 0.8 and 2 kb. All isolates were positive for all genes except pefA. CONCLUSIONS: S. Heidelberg isolated from Chilean samples was susceptible to first-line antimicrobials, except tetracycline and ciprofloxacin. The emergence of strains with ESBLs and AmpC should be a warning. The strains were homogeneous for virulence genes, but heterogeneous in their plasmids.

Caracterización de cepas clínicas y ambientales de Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Heidelberg aisladas en Chile / Characterization of Salmonella Heidelberg strains isolated in Chile

Background: Salmonella Heidelberg (S. Heidelberg) causes gastroenteritis and sometimes bacteremia and endocarditis. In other countries, this serovar has multidrug resistance including extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and AmpC (β-lactamases (AmpC), associated with the blaCMY-2 gene. In Chile, an outbreak by S. Heidelberg occurred in 2011, the phenotypic and genetic characteristics of Chilean strains are unknown. Aim: To determine the antimicrobial susceptibility, presence of plasmids and virulence factor genes in S. Heidelberg strains isolated in Chile over the period 2006-2011. Material and Methods: In sixty-one S. Heidelberg clinical and environmental strains collected by the Public Health Institute in Chile during 2006-2011, antimicrobial susceptibility, plasmids and virulence factor genes (invA, sifA, pefA, agfA, lpfA and, stkD) were studied. Results: S. Heidelberg had a high susceptibility to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, gentamicin, ceftriaxone, ceftiofur, chloramphenicol, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and ampicillin. However, 52% had decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and 33% resistance to tetracycline. ESBLs were detected in three strains isolated from blood cultures, environment and human feces. The latter strain was positive for AmpC and blaCMY-2 gene. Fifty three of 61 strains showed one to seven plasmids of 0.8 to approximately 30 kb. Most plasmids were small with sizes between 0.8 and 2 kb. All isolates were positive for all genes except pefA. Conclusions: S. Heidelberg isolated from Chilean samples was susceptible to first-line antimicrobials, except tetracycline and ciprofloxacin. The emergence of strains with ESBLs and AmpC should be a warning. The strains were homogeneous for virulence genes, but heterogeneous in their plasmids.

Dietary restriction improves intestinal cellular fitness to enhance gut barrier function and lifespan in D. melanogaster.

Loss of gut integrity is linked to various human diseases including inflammatory bowel disease. However, the mechanisms that lead to loss of barrier function remain poorly understood. Using D. melanogaster, we demonstrate that dietary restriction (DR) slows the age-related decline in intestinal integrity by enhancing enterocyte cellular fitness through up-regulation of dMyc in the intestinal epithelium. Reduction of dMyc in enterocytes induced cell death, which leads to increased gut permeability and reduced lifespan upon DR. Genetic mosaic and epistasis analyses suggest that cell competition, whereby neighboring cells eliminate unfit cells by apoptosis, mediates cell death in enterocytes with reduced levels of dMyc. We observed that enterocyte apoptosis was necessary for the increased gut permeability and shortened lifespan upon loss of dMyc. Furthermore, moderate activation of dMyc in the post-mitotic enteroblasts and enterocytes was sufficient to extend health-span on rich nutrient diets. We propose that dMyc acts as a barometer of enterocyte cell fitness impacting intestinal barrier function in response to changes in diet and age.

Intestinal IRE1 Is Required for Increased Triglyceride Metabolism and Longer Lifespan under Dietary Restriction.

Dietary restriction (DR) is one of the most robust lifespan-extending interventions in animals. The beneficial effects of DR involve a metabolic adaptation toward increased triglyceride usage. The regulatory mechanism and the tissue specificity of this metabolic switch remain unclear. Here, we show that the IRE1/XBP1 endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling module mediates metabolic adaptation upon DR in flies by promoting triglyceride synthesis and accumulation in enterocytes (ECs) of the Drosophila midgut. Consistently, IRE1/XBP1 function in ECs is required for increased longevity upon DR. We further identify sugarbabe, a Gli-like zinc-finger transcription factor, as a key mediator of the IRE1/XBP1-regulated induction of de novo lipogenesis in ECs. Overexpression of sugarbabe rescues metabolic and lifespan phenotypes of IRE1 loss-of-function conditions. Our study highlights the critical role of metabolic adaptation of the intestinal epithelium for DR-induced lifespan extension and explores the IRE1/XBP1 signaling pathway regulating this adaptation and influencing lifespan.

In vitro evaluation of the biological effect of SOFAT on osteoblasts.

Osteoclastogenesis is regulated by osteoblasts especially through the production of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL). Immune cells present in inflamed tissues markedly increase this process by upregulating RANKL directly or by secreting proinflammatory cytokines, which stimulate RANKL expression by osteoblasts. A novel T-cell-secreted cytokine, termed secreted osteoclastogenic factor of activated T cells (SOFAT) was recently described. To better understand how SOFAT affects bone metabolism, we investigated its effect on osteoblastic cells. We demonstrate here that SOFAT did not influence MC3T3 cells viability and proliferation, evaluated by trypan blue exclusion and MTT tests, respectively. SOFAT stimulated the secretion of IL-6, IL-10 and GM-CSF in MC3T3 cells, as shown by the analysis of an inflammatory cytokines ELISA array. The upregulation of the corresponding genes was checked by qPCR. Both RANKL mRNA and protein levels did not significantly change in the presence of SOFAT, evaluated by qPCR and western blotting, respectively. In addition, analysis of a PCR array for IL6/STAT3 pathway demonstrated that SOFAT induced the expression of BCL2, IL1B, IL10, IL22, IL2RA, IL4, IL6, TNFSF10 and PIAS3, while IL2, IL21, CD4, CSF3R and TNF were repressed. Our results confirm that the SOFAT mechanism of action is RANKL-independent and indicate that, by co-opting osteoblasts to increase the production of osteoclastogenic cytokines, SOFAT may exacerbate inflammation and support osteoclast formation and bone destruction.

Síndrome de cascanueces: causa de hematuria y proteinuria masiva no glomerular / Nutcracker syndrome: Cause of non-glomerular hematuria and massive proteinuria

Introducción: El síndrome de cascanueces causado por la compresión de la vena renal izquierda entre la aorta y la arteria mesentérica superior es una causa no glomerular de sangrado renal y varicocele izquierdos. También ha sido reconocido como una causa importante de proteinuria ortostática. Caso clínico: Adolescente masculino de 17 años de edad con un cuadro de hematuria recurrente. En el examen físico se observó varicocele izquierdo. Índice de masa corporal de 16.3 kg/m². El examen de orina mostró hematuria y proteinuria masiva. La biopsia renal evidenció proliferación mesangial glomerular leve. El estudio de cistoscopia mostró el origen de la hematuria en el uréter izquierdo. La ultrasonografía Doppler y la angiotomografía de contraste revelaron velocidad pico de la vena renal izquierda de 20 cm/s, relación del índice de flujos de la vena renal izquierda de su porción aortomesentérica e hiliar de 7.7 y agrandamiento de la vena renal izquierda en la porción hiliar. Con el diagnóstico de síndrome de cascanueces se decidió proporcionar tratamiento conservador. En los meses siguientes mostró disminución importante de los episodios de hematuria recurrente, y se observó remisión de las manifestaciones clínicas y de las alteraciones en el examen de orina. A los 13 meses de evolución el índice de masa corporal fue de 19 kg/m². Conclusiones: Este caso clínico muestra la relación entre el incremento en la masa corporal y la remisión del síndrome de cascanueces manifestado como presencia de varicocele izquierdo, hematuria y proteinuria graves. Los síntomas desaparecieron al incrementar el índice de masa corporal, probablemente debido a un aumento en la grasa retroperitoneal que mejoró el ángulo aortomesentérico de la vena renal izquierda.

Background: Nutcracker syndrome caused by compression of the left renal vein between the aorta and superior mesenteric artery is a non-glomerular cause of left renal bleeding and left varicocele. It has also been recognized to be an important cause of orthostatic proteinuria. Case report: A 17-year-old male was evaluated due to recurrent macroscopic hematuria. Physical examination showed left varicocele. Body mass index 16.3 kg/m². Urinalysis demonstrated hematuria and massive proteinuria. Renal biopsy showed mild mesangial glomerular proliferation. Cystoscopy showed hematuria originating from the left ureter. Doppler ultrasonography and contrast-enhanced computed angiotomography revealed a peak velocity of the left renal vein of 20 cm/s, ratio of peak velocity of aortomesenteric and hilar portions of left renal vein of 7.7 and enlargement of the left renal vein in the hilar portion. With a diagnosis of nutcracker syndrome, the patient received conservative treatment. During follow-up, progressive remission of the recurrent episodes of hematuria and proteinuria was observed. The patient had no clinical symptoms or abnormal urinalysis. At 13 months of follow-up the body mass index was 19 kg/m². Conclusions: This case shows the relationship between the increase in body mass index and remission of nutcracker syndrome, manifested as left varicocele, hematuria and massive proteinuria. All symptoms disappeared with the increase of body mass index, probably due to increase in retroperitoneal fat with improvement of the aortomesenteric angle of the left renal vein.

[Nutcracker syndrome: Cause of non-glomerular hematuria and massive proteinuria]. / Síndrome de cascanueces: causa de hematuria y proteinuria masiva no glomerular.

BACKGROUND: Nutcracker syndrome caused by compression of the left renal vein between the aorta and superior mesenteric artery is a non-glomerular cause of left renal bleeding and left varicocele. It has also been recognized to be an important cause of orthostatic proteinuria. CASE REPORT: A 17-year-old male was evaluated due to recurrent macroscopic hematuria. Physical examination showed left varicocele. Body mass index 16.3 kg/m2. Urinalysis demonstrated hematuria and massive proteinuria. Renal biopsy showed mild mesangial glomerular proliferation. Cystoscopy showed hematuria originating from the left ureter. Doppler ultrasonography and contrast-enhanced computed angiotomography revealed a peak velocity of the left renal vein of 20cm/s, ratio of peak velocity of aortomesenteric and hilar portions of left renal vein of 7.7 and enlargement of the left renal vein in the hilar portion. With a diagnosis of nutcracker syndrome, the patient received conservative treatment. During follow-up, progressive remission of the recurrent episodes of hematuria and proteinuria was observed. The patient had no clinical symptoms or abnormal urinalysis. At 13 months of follow-up the body mass index was 19 kg/m2. CONCLUSIONS: This case shows the relationship between the increase in body mass index and remission of nutcracker syndrome, manifested as left varicocele, hematuria and massive proteinuria. All symptoms disappeared with the increase of body mass index, probably due to increase in retroperitoneal fat with improvement of the aortomesenteric angle of the left renal vein.

Efectos de la Respuesta del Lector y del Uso de Ejemplos sobre la Composición Escrita / Efeitos da Resposta do Leitor e do Uso de Exemplos sobre a Composição Escrita / Effects of Reader Response and Use of Examples on Written Composition

Se evaluó el papel de la respuesta del lector y del uso de ejemplos en la elaboración de procedimientos de un escritor en estudiantes universitarios, en dos sesiones: en la primera 36 escritores describieron una figura y una ruta en un mapa; en la segunda, los escritores fueron distribuidos en tres grupos: DM: 12 escritores modificaron sus descripciones con base en ejemplos de procedimientos similares y en dibujos elaborados por 12 lectores; D: 12 escritores modificaron sus textos con base en dibujos de 12 lectores y SDSM: 12 escritores hicieron modificaciones sin ver dibujos ni ejemplos. Los grupos DM y D hicieron descripciones más precisas. Se discute la relevancia de analizar las interacciones escritoras en función del propósito y la complejidad de la tarea.

The article presents the results of a research project aimed at evaluating the role of reader response and the use of examples in the writing procedures used by university students. Two sessions were held. In the first one, 36 writers described a figure and a route on a map; in the second, the writers were divided into three groups: DM: 12 writers modified their descriptions on the basis of examples of similar procedures and of drawings made by 12 readers; D: 12 writers modified their texts on the basis of the drawings made by 12 readers; and SDSM: 12 writers made changes without having seen either drawings or examples. Groups DM and D produced more precise descriptions. The paper discusses the relevance of analyzing writing interactions with respect to the purpose and complexity of the task.

Avaliou-se o papel da resposta do leitor e do uso de exemplos na elaboração de procedimentos de um escritor em estudantes universitários, em duas sessões: na primeira, 36 escritores descreveram uma figura e uma rota em um mapa; na segunda, os escritores foram distribuídos em três grupos: DM -12 escritores modificaram suas descrições com base em exemplos de procedimentos similares e em desenhos elaborados por 12 leitores; D -12 escritores modificaram seus textos com base em desenhos de 12 leitores, e SDSM -12 escritores fizeram modificações sem ver desenhos nem exemplos. Os grupos DM e D fizeram descrições mais precisas. Discute-se a relevância de analisar as interações escritoras em função do propósito e da complexidade da tarefa.

Natural and cultured populations of the mangrove oyster Saccostrea palmula from Sinaloa, Mexico, infected by Perkinsus marinus.

The mangrove oyster Saccostrea palmula coexists with the pleasure oyster Crassostrea corteziensis in coastal lagoons of northwest Mexico. Recent discovery of Perkinsus marinus infecting the pleasure oyster in the region prompted evaluation of S. palmula as an alternative P. marinus host. An analysis to determine the possible presence of P. marinus in natural and cultured populations of S. palmula at four coastal lagoons in Sinaloa, Mexico was carried out during October-November 2010. Tissues from apparently healthy S. palmula were evaluated using Ray's fluid thioglycollate method (RFTM), which revealed a Perkinsus sp. to be present in all four locations at 6.7-20.0% prevalence. Histopathological analysis of these specimens showed tissue alterations and parasite forms consistent with moderate P. marinus infection, which was confirmed by ribosomal non-transcribed spacer (NTS)-based PCR assays on DNA samples from oysters positive by RFTM and histology. DNA sequencing of amplified NTS fragments (307 bp) produced a sequence 98-100% similar to GenBank-deposited sequences of the NTS from P. marinus. Fluorescent in situ hybridization for Perkinsus spp. and P. marinus corroborated the PCR results, showing clear hybridization of P. marinus in host tissues. This is the first record of P. marinus infecting a species from genus Saccostrea and the first record of the parasite from coastal lagoons in Sinaloa, Mexico.

Composición esciita en universitarios: papel del contacto visual en la revisión de textos / Writte compositiion in university students: role of the visual contact on the text revision

Se evaluó el papel del contacto visual del escritor con lo que escribe, sobre la coherencia y precisión. 24 estudiantes de psicología leyeron un artículo de un diario, después escribieron una cita y su opinión. En la segunda sesión, realizaron tareas similares pero leyeron otro artículo. Se formaron 2 grupos, en uno, los participantes no tenían contacto visual con lo que escribían (SCV) y en el otro si tenían contacto visual (CV). El grupo CV escribió textos más precisos. Ambos grupos alcanzaron índices de coherencia similares. Se discute que la relevancia de revisar lo que se escribe depende de otros elementos de la interacción escritora específica. Se sugiere revalorar el concepto de revisión en el análisis de la elaboración de textos.

We evaluated the role of the visual contact with what the writer writes, on the coherence and precision. 24 students of psychology read an article of a diary, later they wrote a quote and their opinion. In the second session, conducted similar tasks but read another article. There were 2 groups, in one, the participants did not have visual contact with what was writing (NCV) and in other one did have visual contact (CV). The group CV wrote more precise texts. Both groups reached similar indexes of coherence. There is discussed that the relevancy of revision what one writes depends on other elements of the specific written interaction. It is suggested to revaluate the concept of revision in the analysis of the elaboration of texts.

Gill erosion and herpesvirus in Crassostrea gigas cultured in Baja California, Mexico.

Recurrent episodes of mortality of Crassostrea gigas cultured in northwestern Mexico have been occurring since 1997. Previous studies on bacteria, protozoans, and metazoans as presumptive causal agents have been inconclusive. However, erosions in the marginal indentation of gills have been frequently observed in oysters from areas affected by mortality events, and in 2000 those lesions were associated with the detection of a herpes-like virus. The present study aimed to describe the histological alterations of eroded gills and to determine whether ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) or a related virus was associated with them using in situ hybridization (ISH). Histology showed that gill filaments were fused. In severe cases, deformation of the interlamellar junctions, swelling, and the loss of water channels was observed. ISH analysis revealed the presence of OsHV-1 DNA or a related virus in cells of the gills. Some labeled cells were large with dark granules inside their cytoplasm. These cells were surrounded by infiltrating hemocytes. Some cells interpreted as hemocytes were labeled and observed in eroded and non-eroded areas of the gill. Large cells detected by ISH were also observed by conventional histology with hematoxylin-eosin staining. Whether the virus produces the erosions in the gills, or the erosions in the gills are produced by an unknown condition and favor the presence of the virus, remains unresolved. It is also not clear whether the lesions contribute to mortality.

Insuficiencia mitral y remodelación ventricular: nuevas alternativas para su control / Mitral insufficiency and ventricular remodeling: new alternatives for their control

La remodelación ventricular es un cambio en la geometría y/o volumen de la cavidad ventricular no atribuible a cambios en la presión de distensión que produce un aumento progresivo en el tiempo del volumen ventricular. Parte del mecanismo responsable es la hipoperfusión renal, que produce una baja importante en la filtración glomerular con la consecuente activación del sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterona, que finalmente contribuye de manera importante en la remodelación ventricular. En la actualidad, el uso de ß-bloqueadores e inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina (IECA), constituyen una buena alternativa para evitar el proceso de remodelación en pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca, ocasionada por un daño en el músculo cardiaco (miocarditis), daño muscular isquémico (enfermedad coronaria aguda) o por lesión valvular (endocardiosis). Como consecuencia de la degeneración valvular mixomatosa mitral (frecuente en la clínica de caninos) el paciente desarrolla insuficiencia cardiaca con remodelación ventricular izquierda que a largo plazo termina con la muerte del animal. El uso de ß-bloqueadores o de IECAS o su combinación, puede evitar en gran manera la remodelación y de esta forma evitar que se presente disfunción ventricular.

Comparación en el manejo de pacientes con degeneración mixomatosa mitral con enalapril o con la combinación enalapril-espironolactona / Comparison in the hendling of patients with mitral mixomatosa degeneration with enalapril or with the combination enalapril spironolactone

El comportamiento de 45 pacientes caninos con degeneración valvular mixomatosa mitral, manejados con una combinación enalapril- espironolactona (20) o enalapril (25) fueron evaluados en tres ocasiones durante 12 meses, realizando un seguimiento de sobrevivencia, niveles séricos de aldosterona (marcador), creatinina, nitrógeno ureico en sangre, sodio y potasio. Se observó que la aldosterona tiene una reducción en los niveles séricos posterior al tratamiento con enalapril y espironolactona muy superior a los tratados únicamente con enalapril, pero en la última evaluación, aumentan los niveles por encima de los valores iniciales, lo que sugiere que ya se han activado otras vías diferentes para la síntesis de la aldosterona, que no están mediados por la angiotensina II y que por tal motivo no responden adecuadamente a las enzimas convertidoras de angiotensina. El beneficio de la combinación con espironolactona se basa en que ésta, es un bloqueador selectivo de los receptores para aldosterona, lo que disminuiría su acción letal sobre el miocardio y los vasos sanguíneos.

Construcción de una base de datos electrocardiográfica para caninos residentes en Bogotá, con apoyo ecocardiográfico / Construction of an electrocardiographic data base for canine residents in Bogota, with ecocardiographic support

El siguiente trabajo presenta la base de datos VETUAN_I, de medidas obtenidas en datos de reseña, electrocardiogramas y ecocardiogramas correspondientes a pacientes caninos sin deficiencias cardiacas evaluados enla Clínica Veterinaria Veteriland de la ciudad de Bogotá, mediante la utilización de equipos de diagnóstico de laUniversidad Antonio Nariño. Esta base de datos está constituida por los parámetros o medidas cardiacas másutilizadas y por otros adicionales, lo cual permite comparar, revaluar y ajustar los valores estándares establecidos desde los años 60, comprender mejor su utilidad de diagnóstico, realizar análisis comparativos entre razas y otros factores, así como establecer diferentes correlaciones que mejoren la capacidad de diagnóstico.

Estrategias campesinas de reproducción económica y paludismo en la microregión pliegues fallados de los Altos de Chiapas, México: estudio de caso / Peasant strategies for economic reproduction and malaria epidemiology in the ravines microregion of the Chiapas mountains, Mexico: a case study

El objetivo de esta investigación fue estabelecer relaciones iniciales entre actividad agrícola y paludismo, definíendose riesgos y prevalencia a través del análisis de la integración de estrategias de reproducción de los pobladores de una comunidad indígena de Los Altos de Chiapas. Se obtuvo información sobre sitios de trabajo, uso del suelo, volúmenes de producción de café, maíz y frijol y número de unidades familires involucradas en esta producción, el trabajo asalariado y en las artesanais. Se analizó la circulación productiva a los "trabajadores" de tierra caliente. Se compararon unidades familiares con casos y sin casos de paludismo, entre 1987 y 1993, en Ybeljol, Município de Chanalhó, Chiapas. Entre los resultados más sobresalientes encontramos que las estrategias que ofrecieron mayores riesgos y prevalencia de paludismo fueron aquellas donde la actividad del cultivo de maíz y el trabajo asalariado estaban presentes; contrariamente, aquellas estrategias de donde se artesanía era la actividad principal o de segunda importancia estaban presentes; contrariamente, aquellas estrategias en donde la artesanía era la actividad principal o de segunda importancia estaban asociadas con la ausencia del paludismo o prevalencia mínima de la enfermedad.